What is Nostr?

The Decentralized Protocol for Censorship-Resistant Data Sharing

In today’s digital age, social media has become one of the primary sources of communication and information sharing. However, its centralized nature poses a significant threat to our online freedom of speech and expression.

Censorship on platforms like Twitter has become a major issue, with arbitrary decisions being made by a few individuals or corporations, affecting the visibility and spread of important ideas and opinions. That’s why we may need a decentralized social network protocol where power is distributed among its users and not concentrated in the hands of a single entity.

The aim of solving the problems of Current Social Platforms

Social networking platforms have become a fundamental part of our daily lives, but they also come with their own set of problems. Platforms like Twitter, Mastodon, and even SSB, while they have their own strengths, all come with their own limitations. Twitter is plagued by ads, bizarre addiction techniques, and bans and shadowbans, while Mastodon is subject to the whims of server owners, who can ban users or even block servers. SSB may not have as many problems, but its protocol is too complicated and is not as flexible as other solutions.

What is Nostr?

Source: Nostr

Nostr is a decentralized protocol that enables the creation of a censorship-resistant data-sharing network by empowering all users to run their own clients. This allows users to publish content, such as blog posts, tweets, or posts, sign it with their private key, and distribute it to other servers that serve as relays. Nostr, being a Web3-oriented platform, has eliminated the need for usernames and passwords. Instead, it uses public and private keys for added security through cryptography and digital signatures. Each message sent on the Nostr network is digitally signed, just like a transaction on the Bitcoin or Ethereum network.

Nostr consists of two components: clients and relays. The relays simply forward the content to other participating relays and don’t have control over the data. Each user runs a client, and anyone can run a relay. Each user is identified by a public key, and every post is signed, which is then validated by other clients. Clients can fetch data from relays of their choice and publish data to other relays of their choice. A relay only communicates directly with users and does not communicate with other relays.

To “follow” someone on Nostr, a user simply instructs their client to query the relays it knows for posts from that public key. On startup, the client queries data from all relays it knows for all users the user follows and then displays the data to the user chronologically. Posts on Nostr can contain any structured data, but the most commonly used formats will become part of the standard, allowing for seamless communication between clients and relays.

Nostr vs. Traditional Client-Server Architecture

In contrast to the traditional client-server architecture, Nostr proposes a different paradigm where users connect to multiple servers, known as Relais, which have the ability to know the user’s subscribers. The Relais only bounces the content to the subscribers without having any intelligence of their own, giving the client all the control and information and making it resistant to censorship. In the event of censorship, users can switch to running their own relay, forming their own network of relays, and ensuring the persistence and resilience of the network.

The architecture of Nostr is based on the producer-subscriber development pattern, where the user acts as a producer who creates content and sends it to multiple Relais simultaneously.

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How Nostr solves the problems of other social networks

One of the biggest problems with current social networking platforms is the issue of user bans and server closures. Nostr solves these problems by allowing users to publish their data to multiple relays. If a user is banned from one relay, they can still publish to other relays. When a user posts a server recommendation, the client will automatically add that server to the list of relays it will query, making it easier for users to migrate to another server if necessary.

If a user is banned from many relays and cannot broadcast their server recommendations, they can still let close friends know through other means which relay they are publishing to. These close friends can then publish server recommendations on their own, allowing others to discover the new server.

Ensuring Censorship Resistance & Combating Spam

Relay technology offers censorship resistance, as users can publish their updates to any number of relays. A relay can charge a fee for publication, which ensures that there will always be a server willing to take the user’s money in exchange for serving their posts.

Relay technology also offers solutions for combating spam. Relays can require payment or authentication, such as an email address or phone number, for publication, making it easier to unlist clients that are being used as spam vectors. With this technology, relays can also reject significant content or charge for hosting it. This allows market forces to solve the problem of hosting heavy content like videos.

Giving Users More Control

Clients can decide how they want to show posts to users, giving them greater control over the updates they see. From using AI to decide the order of updates to reading them in chronological order, relay technology offers a flexible solution to social networking.

Getting Started with Nostr

1. Choose a Nostr client: Nostr has several clients available, including a web wallet, a desktop wallet, and a mobile wallet. Choose the one that best fits your needs and preferences.
2. Set up an account: Creating an account with Nostr is easy and straightforward. Simply follow the instructions provided by your chosen client to create a new account and set a private key.

Keep in mind that Nostr is not a traditional social media app or client but rather a protocol that enables different and unique clients to be created. On the Nostr website, you can find several projects showcasing the different clients available, including Telegram or WhatsApp-like chats, Reddit or Front Page-like clients, traditional Twitter-like clients, and even a chess client. Some popular clients currently gaining traction include Damas and Amethyst.

Damas is the first iOS app built on Nostr to be launched on the Apple App Store, and it has become hugely popular since its launch. Amethyst, on the other hand, is the first Nostr client to be launched on the Google Play Store and is recommended for Android users. To learn more about the different features offered by Nostr, consult the user manual or reach out to the support team.

Nostr and Bitcoin: The Beginning of a Partnership

In December 2022, this new social platform was introduced by Jack Dorsey, which he claimed could potentially replace Twitter. The platform, Nostr, sparked the interest of thousands of Bitcoin enthusiasts due to its support for payments using the Lightning Network. Nostr integrates with the Lightning Network by allowing users to make near-instant and low-cost payments using the Lightning Network’s payment channels. By using the Lightning Network, Nostr provides users with a faster, cheaper, and more secure payment experience compared to traditional payment methods. This integration means that Nostr users can transfer funds to other Lightning Network users quickly and cheaply, without having to pay high transaction fees or wait for long confirmation times. The integration of Nostr with the Lightning Network provides users with a unique combination of privacy and speed, making it an ideal solution for those looking to make payments securely and efficiently.

The Connection Between Nostr and Bitcoin

The relationship between Nostr and Bitcoin can be attributed to their similarities. There are many similarities and associations between Nostr and Bitcoin, between the two communities, because there are common elements from a conceptual point of view. Nostr is very Web3 oriented, there is no longer a username and password, and there are public and private keys because it heavily plays the game of cryptography and digital signatures. How? Every single message created by a client and sent to the Nostr network is digitally signed (the same as a Bitcoin or Ethereum transaction). The sender is recognized by a digital signature, a digital signature that prevents altering the content. The partnership between Nostr and Bitcoin has the potential to revolutionize the way we conduct online transactions and interactions.

Nostr’s Main Apps

Damus

Damus is a decentralized social networking app that has created a buzz in the market. Known as the “Twitter Killer,” the app is built on the decentralized network Nostr and has received support from bigwigs in the tech industry, including Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey and Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin. Launched on February 1, Damus is now available on both Apple and Android platforms. Whether you’re looking for a new social networking app or want to participate in the changing world, Damus is definitely worth checking out.

Getting Started with Damus:

• Registration and Login: To use Damus, download the app from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store. After downloading, follow the prompts to create an account and accept all agreements. On the registration page, you will be prompted to create a public key and a private key. The public key is also the account ID and can be used by others to find and add you as a friend. The private key is your password, which should be kept confidential to prevent unauthorized access to your account.
• Posting: After creating an account, you can start posting by clicking on the “+” sign in the lower right corner of the home page. The text content can be posted directly, and images can be posted after being converted into links. You can also add hashtags to your posts.
• Adding Friends: To add friends on Damus, click on the search icon at the bottom of the home page, copy someone else’s public key ID, and click “Go to profile.” This will take you to the person’s profile, where you can follow them and add them as a friend.
• Personal Homepage Settings: In Damus, you can personalize your avatar, homepage background picture, and basic information such as your website, personal profile, and email address. The app also supports setting up bitcoin lightning tipping addresses, which is a unique selling point.
• Getting Picture Links: To get a picture link for your avatar or post, log in to postimage.org, upload the image, and generate a picture link. Copy the link ending in .jpg or .png and paste it into Damus when editing your profile or post.

Amethyst

Amethyst is a native Android app built with Kotlin and Jetpack Compose. The app uses a modified version of the Nostrpostrlib to communicate with Nostr relays, ensuring a fast and seamless connection to your social network. The overall architecture of Amethyst is designed to provide the best possible user experience.

The user interface (UI) of Amethyst is built with a State/ViewModel/Composition structure, which means that it is reactive to changes in the app. This means that as you navigate through your social network, the UI will change to reflect the latest updates. The service layer of the app connects with Nostr relays to receive the latest information, and the repository layer stores Nostr events as Notes and Users. These classes use LiveData objects to allow the UI and other parts of the app to subscribe to each individual Note/User and receive updates when they happen.

In addition to its reactive UI, Amethyst also offers customizable filters that allow you to control the information you see. As you view different events, the Datasource classes are used to receive more information about those particular events. The service layer of the app assembles Nostr filters for each need of the app, ensuring that you always have the information you need at your fingertips.

Amethyst places the security of your account information at the forefront of its design. Your private key and public key are stored in the Android KeyStore, ensuring that your information is always secure. The connection with Nostr relays is never closed during the use of the app, so you can be sure that you’re always connected to your social network.

Amethyst offers the perfect combination of speed, security, and customization for a seamless social network experience.

Anigma

Anigma is a public messaging app that provides a secure and private communication experience. The app is a Telegram clone built on the Nostr protocol, which means that users can send messages without the need for phone numbers or accounts. Anigma is a progressive web app that can be installed on any device, making it look and feel like a native app. With its progressive web app architecture and its roadmap for future development, Anigma is poised to be a leading player in the world of encrypted messaging.

The Unique Features of Anigma

• Encrypted Direct Messages: Anigma offers encrypted direct messages to ensure the privacy of your conversations.
• YouTube Videos Embedding: The app allows you to embed YouTube videos directly within the chat interface.
• Dynamic Icons: Anigma generates icons next to or above posts to make it easier to identify different types of messages.
• User Profiles: You can click on someone’s profile picture to see their profile, which will soon include an “About” section.
• Message Caching: Anigma caches messages to allow for faster loading times and improved user experience.
• Improved Emoji Support: The emoji button is now functional, allowing you to quickly add emojis to your messages.
• Enhanced URL Parsing: Anigma parses and displays URLs as clickable links, making it easy to access external content.
• Image Display: Anigma can parse and display images directly within messages.
• Improved User Interface: The app has a CSS-based chat interface that provides a clean and modern user experience.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Nostr is a groundbreaking project that aims to revolutionize the way we interact with online platforms. By providing a decentralized and censorship-resistant approach, Nostr empowers users to take back control of their data and protect their freedom of expression. The simplicity of its architecture makes it accessible to all users, regardless of their technical knowledge.

In a world where social media and data sharing play such a dominant role in our lives, it’s refreshing to see a project that prioritizes the privacy and security of its users. With Nostr, users are no longer at the mercy of centralized entities that have the power to manipulate or restrict their information. Instead, they have a new way of thinking about their relationship with the server, one that is based on trust, transparency, and control.

Overall, Nostr represents a major step forward in the ongoing effort to make the internet a more equitable and democratic space for all users. Providing a new way of thinking about data ownership and privacy has the potential to have a profound impact on the way we interact with technology and with each other online.