อภิธานศัพท์คริปโต

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EdDSA

Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm _EdDSA_ is a cryptographic algorithm used by ADA, Stellar, Lisk, NEM, XMR, Tezos.

Airdrop

A cryptocurrency airdrop is an event to send coins to eligible wallets for free

AI Security

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Alliance Chain

It can be regarded as a type of private chain. It is generally operated by multiple organizations and it is partial-decentralized compared to a public chain.

Anonymity

One of the key features of blockchain. It enables a higher level of privacy of the transaction without revealing information about the trading parties.

Accidental Fork

It refers to a situation where two or more miners successfully calculate the harsh at the same time, which means finding the block.

API

Within Blockchain industry, it is the abbreviation form of Application Programming Interface.

Autonomy

It is one of the characteristics of Blockchain technology.

Address

Comprised of a series of letters and numbers, it is similar to a bank account, which is used to transfer and receive cryptocurrencies.

Asset Token

It is a type of cryptocurrency that can be regarded as an asset such as stocks, securities.

Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm

Known as a cryptographic algorithm, it requires 2 keys, the public key for encryption and the private key for decryption.

Alpha

Arbitrage

It refers to a type of trading by maximizing profits on price differences between exchanges.

Algorithm Stablecoin

Attack Vector

It is a technique by which unauthorized access can be gained to a device or a network to exploit the sys tem‘s vulnerabilities.

ATOM

Cosmos is a decentralized network of independent parallel blockchains, each powered by BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint consensus. It officially launched in March 2019.

Anti-Money Laundering

It refers to a series of laws and regulations decreed by authorities in order to prevent criminals from disguising illegal obtained funds as legitimate income.

Algorand(ALGO)

Algorand_s consensus mechanism is permissionless and pure proof-of-stake. It ensures full participation, protection, and speed within a truly decentralized network.

Altcoin

It refers to alternative cryptocurrencies launched after bitcoin.

AMA

Short for “ask me anything”. It refers to the activities held by exchange representatives or project managers to answer questions from the users.

Axie Infinity

Axie Infinity is a popular game on Ethereum.

Bit

The bit is a basic unit of information in information theory, computing, including digital communications.

Blow Up

It happens when a trader‘s loss exceeds the deposit in his or her account due to the variation of the market.

Mining a Block

When miners help create a new block, they will get 6.25 Bitcoins as a reward. This process of updating the public ledger is called mining a block.

Block

Refers to a computer file that records transaction information. A blockchain is created when blocks are connected as a continuous chain.

Blockchain

It is comprised of blocks and become a chain. The block refers to a digital piece of information of a database.

A 51 percent Attack

Bitcoin

Created by Satoshi Nakamoto, it is a cryptocurrency integrated with the subjects of Cryptography and Consensus Mechanism.

Byzantine Generals Problem

Proposed by Leslie Lambert in 1982, it is the fault-tolerant problem of peer-to-peer network. Bitcoin solves this problem by Proof of Work Consensus.

Brute Force Attack

It refers to a method in cryptography which obtains information such as passwords by trying all the possible answers.

Bullish

When a trader believes that an asset will rise in value, he or she is “bullish“ on the asset.

Bytom Blockchain Protocol

It is an interactive protocol of multiple byte assets.

Bitcoin Pizza

It is an event that took place on May 22, 2010.

Big Pie

A Chinese saying of BTC.

Bull Market

Refers to the positive market trend.

Bull Trap

It refers to the inaccurate signal that indicate market price increases but in fact, the price will continue to decrease.

Beta Coefficient:

Bear Market

It refers to a gloomy and negative market condition.

The Impossible Triangle

In the distributed area, the impossible triangle refers to partition tolerance, availability, and consistency.

Black Swan Event

Refers to the unpredictable and influential events such as 911 and Brexit.

BUIDL

It refers to contributing to the blockchain eco_ rather than HODL passively.

Fluctuation

This refers to the price fluctuation of cryptocurrencies in the investment market. It’s usually in the form of figures or diagrams.

Risk hedging

In this investment process, investors stay put or invest in assets of low fluctuations, to minimize risks and maximize security.

Bearish

When a traders believe that an asset will drop in value, he or she is “bearish“ on the asset.

Block Reward

Refers to the rewards that miners receive for finding new blocks by using mining devices. Different cryptocurrencies have different rewards based on respective blocks in the blockchain.

Block Height

The number of blocks within the blockchain from its genesis block.

BTM

Edge computing

It is similar to a kind of distributed computer network that enables the processing of large amounts of data to reduce latency.

Black- Scholes option pricing model

The Black-Scholes model is a mathematical model specifically used to price financial derivatives of European options, and can be abbreviated as the BS formula.

Block Trading

It refers to the large volume trading.

Bitcoin ETFs

Bitcoin ETF, namely an open-ended exchange-traded fund, is a regulated investment fund that tracks the price of Bitcoin.

Uncertainty principle(Heisenberg uncertainty principle)

The uncertainty principle states that one cannot assign exact simultaneous values to the position and momentum of a particle.

Bounce Back

It is a word which can be used to describe both the stock market and cryptocurrency market when the price of an asset keeps declining, but turns to rise again.

Bitcoin Gold

It is a new token created by a hard fork of the original open-source cryptocurrency which took place on October 24, 2017, with a total issue amount of 21 million.

Quoted currency

The quote currency, commonly known as "counter currency," is the second currency in both a direct and indirect currency pair

Standard money

It is a monetary unit which is designated by a government to serve as the basis of its currency _.

Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods Agreement and _ created a collective international currency exchange regime

Coin Hoarding

Behavior where an investor starts to purchase and hoard a large sum of some currency.

Copycat Coin

All cryptocurrencies except Bitcoin can be called a copycat coin. However, they are not counterfeit, but rather a new kind of coin developed based on Bitcoin source code.

Cryptocurrency Speculation

It is a type of trading to gain profits by speculating on crypto price.

Cryto-crypto Trading

It refers to the type of trading by purchasing one crypto at the price of another crypto, such as purchasing Bitcoin using USDT(as in BTC/USDT).

Coin Shuffling

It is a privacy service.

Compliance

The practice of obeying rules or requests made by an authority.

Operation Code

A series of instruction sequence code specifies the operation to be performed by CPU. An operation code represents an order.

Contract Layer

It is one of the layers of a blockchain sys tem, consisting of va rious scr ipts, algorithms, and smart contracts.

Consensus Mechanism

It is a sys tem to reach agreements about whether a piece of information.

Core Wallet

It contains the entire blockchain. Users can not only receive, store and send cryptocurrencies with it but also program on it.

Replay Attack

A replay attack is a form of network attack in which valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated

Candy

It could be seen as a token given away to users.

Computational infeasibility

It refers to a situation where the computation is computable, but it will take an unrealistic amount of time to process

Hyperautomation

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Confirmation of transaction

It happens when a transaction is recorded and confirmed.

Cold Storage

It means to keep your crypto offline for the sake of security.

Canary Network

In real life, canaries are often used in underground mining operations. When toxic gasses _carbon monoxide, etc._ are emitted underground, canaries will shout to remind miners.

Candidate Block

It is a temporary block created by a mining node using transactions selected from the memory pool in order to receive the block rewards.

Cut Loss

It refers to the act of reducing the amount of crypto assets in position when the prices are dropping.

Ciphertext

Refers to the encrypted form of the plaintext.

Capital Gains Tax(CGT)

It refers to the taxes levied on the profits obtained from the sale of assets, generally for real estate, stocks, bonds, precious metals, etc.

Cold Wallet

It is a wallet that is not connected to the network and therefore it is more secure to store crypto assets.

Computational Power

As the measurement of Bitcoin network processing power, it can measure the speed of the Hash Function output calculated by CPU.

88% Curse

It refers to the fact that when the position level reaches approximately 88%, the market often falls sharply, and the position has become the "reverse indicator" of the market.

Cryptocurrency

It is a virtual currency developed by using cryptography and encryption techniques.

Chinese Chives

It is a Chinese metaphor in the crypto industry which describes investors who are not familiar with the cryptocurrency market.

Cryptography

Cryptography is a branch of Mathematics and Computer science.

Crocodiles

It refers to individuals or organization that try to make profit from any situation with large amount of capital.

Consensus

A consensus is an agreement reached by different parties.

Consensus Algorithm

It is a process in computer science used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or _s.

CBBC

Guide to Contract Trading

Contract Trading

It is a type of standardized futures trading.

Confidential Transaction

It is a cryptographic protocol that is able to conceal the crypto assets’ amount value and the address of the recipient.

Cover

It refers to the behavior of buying-in more of the asset that is already in position when the price of that asset drops so that the cost can be diminished.

Crypto-investor

Specifically referring to people accumulating assets through crypto market trading or offering tokens through projects.

Chive Harvesting

t refers to a phenomenon that big dealers purchase a large amount of some crypto asset at its lowest price in order to raise the price.

Dark pool

A dark pool refers to an exchange organized by the internal _ of other security companies rather than by a trading _.

Derivatives

These are special financial products whose values derives from its underlying financial assets.

Drop Below Market Debut

It refers to the situation where the price of a coin or token drops below its issuing price.

Multiexperience

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Distributed Ledger

One of the key features of blockchains. It enables the transparency and availability of the blockchain ledger to all the nodes in the network.

Delegated Proof of Stake

It requires coin/token holders to vote for representatives who are responsible for validating the transaction and maintaining the network.

Darknet

It refers to the private network connected by non-standard protocol and ports, and credible nodes, which cannot be accessed by regular protocols.

DApp

It is the abbreviation form of Decentralized Application which is run on a P2P network.

Distributed Ledger

It is a shared and synchronized database based on P2P technology for data and asset transaction records. Blockchain is regarded as a type of distributed ledger.

Default

It refers to the bankruptcy, liquidation or absconding of the debtor or his company, resulting in the inability to recover the property lent by the creditor

Depth

It is a word used to assess whether an Exchange is capable of remaining stable when there is a lot of large volume trading.

Digital Signature

Similar to a personal signature singed on paper, a digital signature is a string of encrypted numbers developed by the message sender and impossible to forge by others.

Deposit Level

Which is specifically divided into financing deposit ratio and securities lending deposit ratio.

Double Spending

It refers to a given amount of coins that are spent twice or more.

Dead Cat Bounce

It refers to the price of some coin that keeps declining and then temporarily bounces. But it keeps dropping afterward.

Deep Web

It is the world wide web whose hidden contents cannot be visited by search engines.

Decentralization

Decentralization is an updated sys tem to access, store, and update data on the internet from not only a few connected portals.

Decentralized Exchange

Short form for Decentralized Exchange, which does not rely on a central authority and allows peer-to-peer trading.

DeFi(Decentralized Finance)

Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS Attack)

It is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator overwhelms a server with traffic, slowing down and disrupting the normal traffic of the server and making it unavailable for others.

Distributed Cloud Computing

It is the technology to have multiple computers work at the same on a single problem.

Deposit

It refers to the funds paid by the buyer or seller according to the standards specified in the trading market

Dust Transaction

Refers to transactions of minuscule amounts of token/coins in which the value of the token/coins is lower than the cost of spending it.

Dogecoin(DOGE)

t is a cryptocurrency featuring a likeness of the Shiba Inu dog with the “Doge“ Internet meme as its logo.

Secure multi-party computation

Secure multiparty computation _MPC_ is a technology

DCA

It is an investment strategy used in a fixed period of time.

Difficulty Bomb

It refers to the increase of difficulty in the Ethereum mining process.

Difficulty Target

The level of difficulty at which a new block is created every 10 minutes.

Dash

Formerly named DarkCoin, is the first privacy-centric cryptographic currency with anonymous block transactions powered by DarkSend.

DeFi 2.0

DeFi 2.0 is created to make up for the drawbacks of Liquid Mining in DeFi 1.0.

DYOR-Do Your Own Research

DYOR is short for “doing your own research”.

Exchange Rate

It refers to the value or price of one currency expressed in another currency.

Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020

Proposed by Gartner in 2019.

Ethereum

Ethereum is an open-source, decentralized blockchain operating _ that is not controlled by anyone and is currently the most active smart contract network.

Eater Address

Refers to an address that is not recognized by the Blockchain or loses its private key.

Encryption Algorithm

It is a kind of algorithm which encrypts the original information into a series of unreadable cipher-text, while the process is irreversible.

Eclipse Attack

Refers to the malicious act that aims to attack some node in the network. It prevents a certain target from getting an accurate picture of the real network state.

ETH 2.0

ETH 2.0 is the last phase of the development of ETH

Exchange Trading

The opposite of OTC, meaning that the trading activity occurs on an exchange.

Exchange Dividend

It is the bonus distributed by an exchange that users receive by holding the token issued by that exchange.

ERC-20

It is an official protocol for proposing improvements to the Ethereum (ETH) network.

FOMO-Fear of Missing Out

FOMO, short for fear of missing out, refers to the emotion of fear of missing out and suffering from gains and losses.

Fiat Currency

It is the lawful currency issued by the central bank of a country, such as Chinese Yuan, US Dollar, and Japanese Yen.

Fiat Currency Trading

It is the trading within users. For example, after transferring fiat money to a seller, the buyer receives the crypto from the seller.

Fully Invested

Refers to the behaviour of investing all the funds to purchase crypto asset at one time.

Financial service

It refers to economic services involving financial transactions,etc.

Fat-finger error

Fat-finger error refers to erroneous transactions in the financial market caused by wrongly keyboard input, such as wrongly input transaction volume or transaction price.

Favourable Information

It refers to the news favourable to the rise of currency price.

Distributed Cloud

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Federated Byzantine Agreement

It is a form of Byzantine Fault Tolerance. It requires nodes to be known and verified ahead of time before users request any performance from the FBA.

Intentional Fork

The general term for both a hard fork and a soft fork.

Forked Coin

It is a new cryptocurrency generated from a blockchain_s hard fork. e.g BCH is BTC_s fork coin.

Fiat Collateralized Stable Coin

It refers to a type of stablecoin which is backed by a fiat currency.

FileCoin

Flash Loans

Flash loans of blockchain technology refer to a type of unsecured loan contract.

Combating the financing of terrorism

Combatting the Financing of Terrorism _CFT_ is focused on restricting the movement

Floor Price

Floor price refers to the bottom price of collectibles in the market.

Grover

A quantum algorithm that can search targeted number in digital field.

Public Cloud

A sharing platform for storing and resource applications

Gate.io Smart Pool

Generally, it is only for different coins under the same algorithm

Genesis Block

The 1st block created in the Blockchain.

The Ghost Protocol

It was introduced and implemented by Ethereum.

Grayscale Investments

Grid Trading

Grid trading, also known as fishing net trading, is a market investment strategy.

GameFi

GameFi, namely Game Finance, refers to decentralized financial products packaged in a game mode.

Observer effect

In physics, the observer effect is the theory that the mere observation of a phenomenon inevitably changes that phenomenon.

Photon

The photon is a type of elementary particle. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves.

Foreign exchange purchasing

To purchase foreign currency, one needs to exchange the domestic currency in his account. Then, the purchased currency will remain as his bank record.

High Energy Chain

High energy chain is a Metaverse-related business of the bullet screen video website Bilibili.

Hybrid Consensus

It is a sys tem designed to enhance the efficiency of a single consensus mechanism, usually integrated with more than 2 consensus protocols.

Holdings

The amount of one‘s crypto asset in position.

Hash Algorithm

An encryption function that is able to transform any information into a fixed-length string.

Hard Fork

Refers to a situation where a new kind of Blockchain is diverted from the original.

Currency Crisis

Currency crisis includes a broad currency crisis and a narrow currency crisis.

Hot Wallet

This is a sort of wallet used to store coins online, but it only can be used when there is a network connection, so it is less safe than a cold wallet, which stores coins offline.

Hedging Transactions

As a trading method, hedging transaction follows the principle of "market neutrality".

Halving

It refers to the mechanism that the bitcoin block reward will be reduced by half every 210,000 blocks, so as to the control the supply and maintain the value of the currency.

Hedging

It is a risk management strategy used to offset potential losses on investment by investing in another venture which is expected to perform the opposite way.

Hyperledger

It is an open-source project which aims to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies.

HODL

A typo of “Hold.“ It refers to the strategies of holding crypto assets and not selling them.

How to Buy Dogecoin (DOGE)

Dogecoin is a peer-to-peer and open-source digital currency that’s similar to Bitcoin _BTC_ and Litecoin _LTC_.

Hashed Timelock Contract

It is a technology that enables transactions and transfer of tokens issued on different blockchains.

Hacker

It generally refers to experts who have an advanced understanding of computer _s and networks such as programmers.

Honeypot technique

It is a deception technique used to upgrade _ defense ability.

Blackbody radiation

A blackbody is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation.

Incentive Layer

One of the layers in blockchain, which is mainly about a reward distribution mechanism.

Interest

The amount of extra money paid at a certain rate to the lender by borrowers over a certain period of time.

Iceberg order

A large order which is presented as a smaller limit order to hide the actual order quantity.

IEO

Similar to an Initial Coin Offering (IC0), Initial Exchange Offering is a fundraising method for cryptocurrency projects when first listed on an exchange.

IC0

It is a kind of fundraising method for cryptocurrency projects when they are about to issue their token or coins.

IPFS

Classical algorithm

A classical _or non-quantum_ algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions

Extremal optimization (EO)

A heuristic initially proposed by Boettcher at the World Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation.

Democratization

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Financial Openness

A situation where a country or region open the financial market to the world, or a situation where the financial market of a country or region turns into openness from blockage.

Regtech

Regtech is the management of regulatory processes

Node

Nodes are devices or data points on a larger network, such as network node and GGSN.

Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects at low speed.

Base currency

The base currency is the currency against which exchange rates are generally quoted in a given country. Examples: USD/RMB, the US Dollar is the base currency.

Exchange settlement

Foreign-exchange transactions are settled via correspondent banks.

Gold standard

The gold standard is a monetary _

Gold parity

It is the ratio of two monetary units calculated on the basis of their legally fixed gold content.

Reversible computing

Reversible computing is a model of computing where the computational process to some extent is time-reversible.

Open Source

Open source, unveiling the source program, allows people to visit, share and modify the program.

Empty Block

A limited-capacity block that only contains one piece of information but also has the ability to transfer tiny data, which can only help the block discovered.

Financial technology (fintech)

The combination of technology and innovation encouraged and supported by the government,

Know Your Customer

A standard procedure to verify a customer’s identity in order to deter illegal behaviors such as money laundering.

Cross-Chain Interaction

A mutual communication of information on different blockchains that allows asset exchange, e.g. transferring ETH with BTC.

Kangaroo Market

A Kangaroo Market refers to the market that bounces frequently up and down over a while, without any stable rising or declining trends.

Neutrality of Money

It is an economic theory that the changes in the supply of money have no impact on the overall economy.

Nounce

This is a string of automatically generated numbers during the process of mining. Using this string of numbers, miners are likely to figure out Hash Function to get the block reward.

Node

It refers to a connecting point in a decentralized network. A node can be a mobile phone, a computer or a mining rig. The more nodes a network has, the more secure it will be.

Non-Fungible Token

Built on the ERC-721 standard, it is a particular type of cryptographic token representing something unique that cannot be interchanged for another.

NFT(Non-fungible Token)

Non-Transferable Token

They are the tokens that are nontransferable nor interchangeable.

Offline wallet

It means cold wallet.

Orphan Block

They are the blocks that are not recogized by the Blockchain.

Oligopoly

Generally refers to a monopoly enterprise or capitalist in an industry.

Over-the-counter

In the cryptocurrency field, any transactions completed outside the Exchange can be seen as OTC.

Overbought and Oversold (In Crypto Space )

Overbought refers to the over-buying of crypto assets and is used when cryptocurrency is believed to be trading at a level above its intrinsic value.

Position Opening

Investors create positions by buying or selling a certain amount of future contracts.

Public Blockchain

It is a type of blockchain that allow anyone to check, exchange transaction data, and participate in the process of consensus.

Private Chain

Pixiu stock

Pixiu stock refers to projects that can only be bought but not sold.

Programmability

One of the key features of blockchain.

Proof of Work

Proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, it is designed to solve the Byzantine Generals Problems.

Proof of Stake

It is a mechanism designed to distribute interest according to the number of tokens that users are staking.

Peer-to-peer networking

Peer-to-peer _P2P_ network is a decentralized communications model

Payment Token

It is a type of cryptocurrency that is considered as a medium of payment, such as BTC and LTC.

Ponzi Scheme

It is a form of fraud created by Chales Ponzi.

P2P Storage

It is a decentralized storage sys tem which leverages the storage capacity of each node of a network and therefore enhancing the network efficiency.

Private Key

Public and private key pair is a pair of closely related cryptographic keys. Associated with the address of a crypto, the private key is non-public.

Public Key

The public key and private key are a pair of keys generated from encryption algorithm.

Plaintext

It refers to the readable information transmitted from a sender to a receiver.

Potential Blockchain Project

It means a crypt token that is considered worth investing in.

Polkadot Parachain Slot Auction

Pyramid Scheme

It is a scheme that uses funds of multiple users to pay back other users.

Periodic Investment Plan

It is a common investment strategy that allows an investor to invest their funds by making small periodic payments.

Peak Sale

Refer to the act of selling an asset in a period of time at a relatively higher price compared to the stocking price.

Planck constant

Planck constant is a physical constant that is the quantum of electromagnetic action, which relates the energy carried by a photon to its frequency.

Position Proportion

If you sell all BTC, your position will be short.

Signature algorithm

A signature algorithm is a cryptographic algorithm that protects the security of blockchain.

Simplified Payment Verification

A wallet, providing good users experience, that can only save self-related blocks data with small occupied memory.

Layer 0

Layer 0 is the lowest layer. The first component of Layer 0 provides the necessary networking capabilities necessary for building peer-to-peer networks.

Options

Foreign remittance

Foreign remittance is a transfer of money from a foreign worker to their family or other individuals in their home countries.

Ring Signature

In cryptography, a ring signature refers to a kind of digital signature that is created by any member of a group of users, which each have their own keys.

Human Augmentation

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Road map

It refers to the project schedule of a blockchain project

RenBTC

Ren is an open protocol that allows users to bridge their assets across the chain to Ethereum.

Ripple

Raiden Network

It is an off-chain scaling solution that enables instant and low-fee payments.

Reverse Indicator

More often, it refers to those indicators that are different from the general trend.

Rollback

It is an operation of restoring a program or data to its previous status due to data process errors.

Risk Management

It is the process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating the risks in investments.

Rug Pull

A rug pull is a malicious maneuver in the cryptocurrency industry where a certain crypto developer abandons a project and runs away with investors’ funds.

Ransomware:

It is a type of pr_ent malicious software.

Reverse

It is a situation that occurs when the price drops to the bottom line but later keeps rising, showing a “V” shape on the chart.

Supercycle

A supercycle is defined as a sustained period of abnormal increase in the prices of bulk commodities _energy commodities, basic raw materials, agricultural and sideline products_.

Shor's Algorithm

A quantum algorithm that can both operate large integer factorization and discompose discrete logarithm.

Secure Hash Algorithm 256

An abstract in computing that can be achieved by SHA256Managed. SHA256 has values of SHA256 is 256 bits.

Small Position

It refers to the situation where an investor holds more cash and a small amount of crypto in his account.

Settlement

It refers to the exchange of money or security between trading parties on the settlement date as agreed.

Seed round

It refers to the first round of investment funding raised for a blockchain project.

SPV

It is a software which enables you to confirm the transaction without downloading the entire blockchain.

Private Cloud

A sharing platform for storing and resource application

Practical Blockchain

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Digital News

A kind of news reported in the form of figures and statements or graphs. Compared to the traditional news report, digital news can catch the gist faster with a concise form.

Soft Fork

Refers to the procedure of a temporary program upgrade.

Swing Trading

It is a style of trading that attempts to gain profits by going long or short in multiple trading sessions in a shorter period (several times at a day or in a week).

Sybil Attack

It refers to an individual who manages to create multiple accounts for the purpose of controlling the whole network by getting enough nodes.

Stable Coin

A coin whose price can remain stable without significant fluctuation.

Atomic Swap

This is a smart contract technology that enables the transaction of one cryptocurrency for another without intermediaries.

Satoshi Nakamoto

The creator of Bitcoin, but his real identity remains unknown.

Smart Contract

First proposed by Nick Szabo in the 1990s, it is a kind of computer protocol aiming at disseminating and verifying contracts.

Short Selling

Investors sell the currency at the current price with the expectation of price decline in the future.

Short Position

It refers to the state in which investors sell out all their commodities _such as commodities, raw materials, stocks, futures, currency products, etc._ and hold cash without commodities.

Sideways Trend

Refers to the stable average price during a period of time that no obvious fluctuations was observed.

Settlement Reserve

The minimum balance of the settlement deposit shall be stipulated by the exchange.

Shitcoin

it refers to an altcoin that has no intrinsic value since it does not have any use cases or a proper project behind it.

Sharding

It is a method used to divide an extensive database into smaller parts in order to make it faster and easier to process.

Sidechain

A sidechain is a separate blockchain attached to its mainchain.

Sharkfin

Single-signature Wallet

It is a type of wallet that requires only one private key to authorize a transaction.

Super-sovereign Reserve Currency

A super currency is a hypothetical global currency.

Regulatory sandbox

A regulatory sandbox is a framework set up by a regulator.

Strategy Analysis

In accounting and finance industries, it is an analysis of a business_s financial state - including health, competitors, and markets.

Squid coin

Squid coin marketed itself as a play-to-earn cryptocurrency that can be used to play in a new type of online game.

Satoshi

It is the minimum unit of a Bitcoin nominated by Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin.

Secondary Market

It is a market where investors buy and sell assets they already own. _ious exchanges can be regarded as the biggest secondary market so far.

ECDSA

Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm _ECDSA_ is a cryptographic algorithm used by Bitcoin,

Turnover Rate

Indicates the frequency of the exchange of cryptocurrency being traded during a certain period as a reflection of liquidity.

The medium of exchange

In modern transactions, the common medium of exchange is currency.

Token

Tokens refer to the Blockchain circulating units such as BTC, ETH, etc.

Cross-Chain Interaction of Isomorphic Chains

One of the cross-chain interactive technology, which is easy to achieve interaction between the chains.

Transaction broadcast

It refers to a situation where transaction information will be relayed in the network, and the nodes will confirm the process.

Transparency and Traceability

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner to reduce the risk of privacy leak and guarantee data security under the crisis of confidence.

Traceability

One of the key features of blockchain.

Timestamp

It refers to the sign that is set to mark events, and it can record what has happened at a certain time. Each transaction is arranged in order by the marked time.

The annualized rate of return

It is a profit on an investment over a period of time, which is typically a year.

Testnet

A public blockchain consists of its mainnet and testnet.

To the moon

It means the surge of a token‘s price. Some joke about linking this phenomenon with the possibility of buying a Lamborghini, saying “When moon, When Lambo“.

The Intranet

It is a network connected to, interacting with and recognized by general (household)objects.

Taker

It refers to a trader who place an order that trades immediately by filling an existing order on the order book.

Trading Deposit

It refers to the funds deposited by the settlement member into the special settlement account of the exchange to ensure the performance of the contract.

Triple Momentum Trading Model

As a simple timing model, the triple momentum trading model is built on ROC, a momentum-based indicator.

Homomorphic encryption

Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption

Taproot

Taproot is a soft fork that optimizes Bitcoin _s. Taproot is the biggest upgrade to the Bitcoin network since 2017.

Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Elliptic curve cryptography _ECC_ is a public key encryption technique

TRON

TRON is committed to promoting the decentralization of the Internet and is committed to building infrastructure for the decentralized Internet.

Tether issued an extra 1 billion USDT

Tether issued an extra 1 billion USDT

Unfavourable Information

It refers to the news that leads to the decline of currency price.

Utility Token

It is a type of cryptocurrency that is issued in order to fund the development of the cryptocurrency which later can be later used to purchase a good or service offered by the issuer.

Unplugging the Network Cable

Volcanic Bond

Refers to the one billion dollar bonds issued by El Salvador.

Vampire Attack

Similar to vampires, who use others to replenish their vitality.

Virtual Property Virtual Real Estate

Virtual property refers to the real estate in the Metaverse where each piece of land can be treated as a unique NFT.

Wallet

Designed to keep cryptos, a wallet consists of an address which is connected to the respective blockchain.

Wrapped Bitcoin(wBTC)

Similar to RenBTC, wBTC is also an ERC20 token, which is anchored 1:1 with Bitcoin.

White Paper

It is an introduction to a Blockchain project, including its mission and purpose, technical background, team, token allocation, etc.

Whitelist

It is a collection of trusted individuals, computer programs or cryptocurrency addresses.

Whale

It is often used to describe an individual or an organization that holds a large sum of crypto assets and can impact the markets.

“Two clouds” in physics

The British physicist Lord Kelvin gave a speech entitled “Nineteenth-Century Clouds over the Dynamical Theory of Heat and Light”.

Web1.0

Web 1.0, also known as the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution, features one-way information transmission.

Web2.0 Social Web Participative Web

Web 2.0, which is also referred to as the second generation of the World Wide Web, features interpersonal communication tools using the Internet.

Web3.0

The term Web 3.0 currently refers to an imagination of a potential future internet that is decentralized.

The Inter Planetary File System (IPFS)

A protocol and peer-to-peer network that can achieve decentralization.

Formal Verification

Also known as modeling, a method to verify the problems of a program or _ with mathematical modeling, mostly applied to the hardware and gradually used in the software.

Crisis of Confidence

A situation where the leak of data and other information insecurity problems arose distrust

Virtual address

Physical addresses refer to hardware addresses of physical memory.

‎Erwin Schrödinger's Cat

Schrödinger_s cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein.

Cloud mining

It is a kind of service provided to those who want to conduct mining but do not want to buy mining devices.

Cross-Chain Interaction of Heterogeneous Chains

One of the cross-chain interactive technology,

Hard Link

A directory entry that associates a name with a file on a file _.

The Onion Routers ( TOR)

A free open source that can provide triple encryption for users when they visit the website. It is also the most popular method to visit the dark web anonymously.

Oracle machine

An oracle machine is an abstract machine used to study decision problems.

Aether

According to the concept proposed by Aristotle, Aether is the material that fills the region of the universe above the terrestrial sphere.

Jamaica Accords

In 1950, the U.S. balance of payments swung negative,

Longest Chain Rule

A principle based on which only the longest PoW chain is valid

Common Block

A limited-capacity block whose capacity is larger than the blank block’s but smaller than the full block’s.

State Channels

A mutually virtual channel that provides state services for users,

Relay

A data transmission channel found between two users or services, e.g. repeater, relay circuit.

Autonomous Things

One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

Zero-confirmation transaction

It refers to a transaction confirmed by the seller without being recorded and verified on the blockchain.

Self-regulatory organization

A self-regulatory organization _SRO_ is a non-governmental organization

zk-SNARK

It refers to a method of proofing

Zcash

It is a decentralized and open-source privacy-focused cryptocurrency that first applied zero-knowledge proofs.
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